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【原】linux环境下mysql5.7二进制方式安装教程
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2017-10-10
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简介：在之前的文章中，我们讲过了如何在windows环境下安装绿色版的mysql，在linux环境中，除了使用yum来安装，还可以使用二进制方式来安装mysql，也相
在之前的文章中，我们讲过了如何在windows环境下安装绿色版的mysql5.7，在linux环境中，除了使用 yum 来安装，还可以使用二进制方式来安装mysql，也相当于是绿色版。
打开官网，进入到下载页 http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql，滚动到最下面，找到linux版本的安装包下载下来（上篇文章中已经截图描述过了，这里就不再细说）。
本文以 mysql-5.7.17 版本为例，linux版本是 CentOS 7.3 64位，由于是linux环境中，可以直接使用wget下载
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 soft]# wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz使用tar命令解压，复制到 /usr/local 下面
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 soft]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz注意：在linux上安装很多软件时，默认配置中的目录都是 /usr/local，所以建议自己安装时也放到此目录，可以省去很多麻烦。
解压完毕，进入到mysql目录
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 soft]# cd /usr/local/mysql/创建用户组，名字不一定非要叫“mysql”
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# groupadd mysql
创建用户，名字不一定非要叫“mysql”，后面两个参数，第一个是组名，第二个是用户名
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql给用户组和用户赋权，否则会导致后面的操作权限不够
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql设置环境变量，也可以直接修改 /ect/profile 文件
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH查看变量是否设置成功
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin安装db文件，此命令必须在mysql目录下执行，前几个命令不在mysql目录下没有关系
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# ./bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/收到了一记暴击，直接秒秒钟安装失败
2017-10-11 15:54:29 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2017-10-11 15:54:29 [ERROR] Child process: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldterminated prematurely with errno= 32
2017-10-11 15:54:29 [ERROR] Failed to execute /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --bootstrap --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --lc-messages-dir=/usr/local/mysql/share --lc-messages=en_US --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
-- server log begin --
-- server log end --
mysql_install_db is deprecated，命令过期，查阅资料发现，5.7版本以上需要使用 mysqld --initialize 命令
so，赶紧切换命令，却又收到一记暴击，再次失败
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize
./bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory查看错误信息，libaio.so这个东西缺失了，这到底是个啥东西？
查阅资料后发现，这个东西是linux环境下的异步IO机制，虽然不知道为啥要这个，但是既然少了，那就安装一个，直接yum即可
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# yum install -y libaio
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 156 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 110 kB 00:00:00
(3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 2.7 MB 00:00:00
(4/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.7 MB 00:00:00
Determining fastest mirrors
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
======================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
======================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
libaio x86_64 0.3.109-13.el7 base 24 k
Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 24 k
Installed size: 38 k
Downloading packages:
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7
Complete!
再来一次安装命令
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize
2017-10-11T08:31:03.947580Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2017-10-11T08:31:04.567507Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2017-10-11T08:31:04.682456Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2017-10-11T08:31:04.741489Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 8576f7de-ae5e-11e7-a7c2-fa163e0ba239.
2017-10-11T08:31:04.742847Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2017-10-11T08:31:04.743794Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: +AqqV*AXy7Ih没有[ERROR]信息，貌似可以了，此处再来一次暴击，启动不起来
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/jdu4e00u53f7.pid).跑到 /user/data 下面一看，别说 pid 文件不存在，好家伙，毛都没有，并没有生成mysql的系统文件，比对了一下 mysql_install_db 命令，好像我们并没有手动指定系统文件位置，不知道它把文件生成到哪里去了
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
2017-10-12T01:36:56.956816Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2017-10-12T01:36:56.956886Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
2017-10-12T01:36:56.956893Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER' sql mode was not set.
2017-10-12T01:36:57.235696Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2017-10-12T01:36:57.288768Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2017-10-12T01:36:57.348650Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: d5ad7526-aeed-11e7-9c55-fa163e0ba239.
2017-10-12T01:36:57.349765Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2017-10-12T01:36:57.350646Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Hu*B2HshcFvg注意：最后一行，给出了root的默认密码，最好记一下，方便后面修改密码
再次执行安装命令，除了这次的信息多了几行，并没有其他错误信息，保险起见，还是去文件夹里面看一下
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# ll data
total 110628
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 56 Oct 11 16:55 auto.cnf
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 413 Oct 11 16:55 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Oct 11 16:55 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Oct 11 16:55 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Oct 11 16:55 ib_logfile1
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 11 16:55 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 8192 Oct 11 16:55 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 8192 Oct 11 16:55 sys系统文件已经生成出来了，增加一个my.cnf文件（低版本中，系统文件中包含my.cnf文件）
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
innodb_file_per_table = 1
#skip-grant-tables = 1
复制 my.cnf 到 /ect/my.cnf，当做默认启动文件（/etc下面可能有my.cnf，直接覆盖掉）
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# cp my.cnf /etc/my.cnf走到这一步，基本上就安装完了，启动服务
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root 2963 1 0 17:06 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/jdu4e00u53f7.pid
mysql 3153 2963 2 17:06 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/jdu4e00u53f7.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/jdu4e00u53f7.pid
root 3190 29339 0 17:07 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql如果想关闭服务，直接将上面命令中的 start 换成 stop
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!上面的命令，十分繁琐，可以将 mysql.server 添加到系统级服务里面，这样就可以简化输入
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@jdu4e00u53f7 mysql]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!至此，linux环境下的mysql-5.7.17就已经安装完毕了！
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